---
title: Overview
url: https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/transform/
description: The Transform step reshapes the Record before anything is asserted from it.
---

# Transform

The transform step makes changes to the [record](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/generic/record/):

```mermaid
graph LR
  sources -- 1. Extract --> record
  record == 2. Transform ==> record
  record -- 3. Assert --> ld
  ld -- 4. Enrich --> ld
  ld -- 5. Validate --> ld
  ld -- 6. Publish --> destinations

  destinations[("D. Destinations\n(TriplyDB)")]
  ld[C. Internal Store]
  record[B. Record]
  sources[A. Data Sources]
```

If you do not have a stream of records yet, read the documentation for the [**Extract** step](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/extract/) first.

Once you have a stream of records, the following transformations are typically needed:

- Values need to be mapped onto a prepared list of IRIs or literals (e.g. from country names to country-denoting IRIs).
- Values need to be translated into standards-compliant formats (e.g., from country name to ISO 3166 country codes).
- Multiple existing values need to be combined into one new value (e.g., street name and house number may be combined into an address).
- A single value needs to be split into multiple values (e.g., from `'apple, orange'` to `'apple'` and `'orange'`).
- Values need to be cleaned because they are dirty in the source (e.g., from `'001 '` to `1`).

TriplyETL supports the following four transformation approaches:

- [**RATT**](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/transform/ratt/) transformations are a set of commonly used transformation functions that are developed and maintained by Triply.
- [**RML**](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/transform/rml/) can be used to convert non-RDF data into RDF triples.
- [**TypeScript**](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/transform/typescript/) can be used to write new customer transformations.
- [**XSLT**](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/transform/xslt/) used to transform XML data through the definition of transformation rules in XSLT stylesheets.



## Next steps

The Transform step results in a cleaned and enriched record. The following link documents how you can use the record to make linked data assertions:

- Step 3. [**Assert**](https://docs.triply.cc/triply-etl/assert/): uses data from the record to make linked data assertions in the internal store.